{"id":4800,"date":"2022-03-04T07:02:52","date_gmt":"2022-03-04T07:02:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/adaptation.dcc.gov.vn\/tien-bo-cua-khoa-hoc-trong-nghien-cuu-ve-bien-doi-khi-hau\/"},"modified":"2022-03-04T07:02:52","modified_gmt":"2022-03-04T07:02:52","slug":"tien-bo-cua-khoa-hoc-trong-nghien-cuu-ve-bien-doi-khi-hau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/nap.wecan-group.info\/en\/tien-bo-cua-khoa-hoc-trong-nghien-cuu-ve-bien-doi-khi-hau\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00e0 Eunice Foote l\u00e0 n\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u0111ang l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 200 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ra sao \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb l\u00e2u, gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1856, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eef Eunice Foote t\u1eebng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn kh\u00ed CO2 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nhi\u1ec7t trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 CO2 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Science and Arts n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean.
\nC\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Foote \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ea1i trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 200 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ra sao \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.
\n\u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Foote, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Alice Bell c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u2013 “Our Biggest Experiment” (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: Cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta) cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00e0y h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u00fd ngh\u0129a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.
\nNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Foote ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 m\u00e0 M\u1ef9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch.
\nB\u00e0 Foote \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. B\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u01a1m v\u00e0o 3 xi lanh kh\u00ed th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m v\u00e0 CO2 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh. B\u00e0 Foote nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng xi lanh ch\u1ee9a CO2 n\u00f3ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi 2 xi lanh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t. D\u00f9 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00ed CO2 khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3ng l\u00ean.
\nV\u00e0i n\u0103m sau, n\u0103m 1861, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ireland John Tyndall \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n cho th\u1ea5y h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00ed CO2 h\u1ea5p thu b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i \u2013 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cm\u1ecdi bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c CO2 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed hydrocarbon kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 metan c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.
\nTh\u00e1ng 12\/1882, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 g\u1eedi t\u1edbi t\u00f2a so\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nature tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Tyndall. Trong th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd t\u00ean H. A. Phillips, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

\"Image004\"<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel, Svante Arrhenius, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a CO2 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. N\u0103m 1896, \u00f4ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c s\u1ebd t\u0103ng 8 ho\u1eb7c 9 \u0111\u1ed9 C n\u1ebfu CO2 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 2,5 ho\u1eb7c 3 l\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Con s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng: Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1900, do c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 CO2 trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 300 ppm (parts per million \u2013 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a CO2 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed) l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 417 ppm, v\u00e0 B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea5m l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 3,8 \u0111\u1ed9 C.
\nN\u0103m 1975, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Wallace Broecker \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cLi\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta\u00a0 \u0111ang \u1edf b\u00ean b\u1edd v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cn\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u” tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.
\nTrong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng cao k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c, n\u0103m 1988, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc James Hansen ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0\u1edbc phi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 r\u1eb1ng \u201chi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111ang l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu\u201d.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1ee6y ban Li\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (IPCC). K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a IPCC tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y trong khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng, m\u01b0a b\u00e3o ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng gia t\u0103ng do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.
\nT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Alice Bell cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc l\u00f3e s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean t\u00e0i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i trong khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa\u201d.
\nB\u00e0 Bell nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng cao k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1edbt l\u1edd. Qua h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 trang b\u1ecb cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cth\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c nh\u1ea5t\u201d do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.\/.<\/p>\n

Theo TTXVN<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: http:\/\/hdll.vn\/vi\/thong-tin-ly-luan—thuc-tien\/tien-bo-cua-khoa-hoc-trong-nghien-cuu-ve-bien-doi-khi-hau.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00e0 Eunice Foote l\u00e0 n\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u0111ang l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 200 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3287,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-and-technology"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/nap.wecan-group.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4800"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/nap.wecan-group.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/nap.wecan-group.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nap.wecan-group.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nap.wecan-group.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4800"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/nap.wecan-group.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4800\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nap.wecan-group.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/nap.wecan-group.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4800"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nap.wecan-group.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4800"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nap.wecan-group.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4800"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}