\u0110\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n
Theo Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (B\u0110KH): B\u0110KH l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu so v\u1edbi trung b\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu duy tr\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ho\u1eb7c d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. B\u0110KH l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u00ean trong ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n hay trong khai th\u00e1c, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi B\u0110KH ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9ng B\u0110KH; gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi B\u0110KH l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecf v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e0nh\/l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi B\u0110KH, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh sau: G\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t trong \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu; Bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh; \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh, s\u1ea1ch, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; N\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n
G\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t trong \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<\/strong><\/p>\n Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, B\u0110KH \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B\u0110KH g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t m\u00f9a, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (NSNN).<\/p>\n C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c chi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 do B\u0110KH, NSNN l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t do gi\u1ea3m ngu\u1ed3n thu t\u1eeb thu\u1ebf, ph\u00ed, l\u1ec7 ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n thu kh\u00e1c do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a B\u0110KH \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p (DN). V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi B\u0110KH hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n Do \u0111\u00f3, ngo\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb NSNN, v\u1ed1n ODA, c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng huy \u0111\u1ed9ng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c DN thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n vay \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Trong \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ed1n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ODA s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi B\u0110KH. B\u1edfi theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho th\u1ea5y, khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 60% \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi B\u0110KH, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t, gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cho NSNN, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u00fd th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c DN.<\/p>\n Khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n cho th\u1ea5y, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i so v\u1edbi v\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu so v\u1edbi cho vay; xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 d\u00f2ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 sinh k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i k\u00e9m h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n; Ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf duy tr\u00ec d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u01b0u ti\u00ean khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ea5p 3 nh\u01b0 y t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng? Ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra sao? Ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a B\u0110KH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t? T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng, m\u1edf ra c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Trong khi, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00ed h\u1eadu s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n qu\u1ef9 c\u00f4ng khan hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y v\u00e0 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n Bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh<\/strong><\/p>\n B\u0110KH l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, thu h\u1eb9p th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u ra, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 lu\u1ef5 m\u00e0 B\u0110KH g\u00e2y ra cho c\u00e1c DN. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, t\u0103ng c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng, gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a B\u0110KH.<\/p>\n Nhi\u1ec1u DN \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y kh\u00ed h\u1eadu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh, nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00f2ng t\u1eeb 5-10 n\u0103m. V\u00f4 s\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro do B\u0110KH g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi DN nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n suy y\u1ebfu, thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kinh doanh. D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a B\u0110KH, nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a DN. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, DN c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n kh\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t v\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, DN t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c: (i) X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng; (ii) S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean; (iii) Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c; (iv) \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kinh ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh, s\u1ea1ch, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/p>\n B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u00ec B\u0110KH c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi xu th\u1ebf tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c DN c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang c\u00e1c DN xanh, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng, gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 B\u0110KH.<\/p>\n B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xanh, s\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u00eanh thu h\u00fat v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c DN. Th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a B\u0110KH.<\/p>\n N\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng khai nh\u01b0 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu (n\u1ee3), chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n, c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thay th\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m v\u1ed1n c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean; tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0y nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi B\u0110KH c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 1,8 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong 10 n\u0103m t\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ed5ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u00f2ng 7,1 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 USD (GCA 2019). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn th\u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c DN nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111ang h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec kh\u00ed h\u1eadu th\u00f4ng qua tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu DN, c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng (c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu), n\u1ee3 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n (t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay DN). C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Hoa K\u1ef3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019, \u0111\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh 40% trong t\u1ed5ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn so v\u1edbi 31% c\u1ee7a S&P 500 (Winkler 2020). C\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng doanh thu m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (Winston, Favarolo v\u00e0 Healy 2017).<\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c DN, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thay th\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c bon th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu; c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Trong 20 n\u0103m t\u1edbi, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 84,5 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng quan tr\u1ecdng, nhi\u1ec1u trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bon th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua qu\u1ef9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu. Tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu xanh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (n\u0103m 2020, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t 290,1 t\u1ef7 USD, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 245 t\u1ef7 Euro). Ngay c\u1ea3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn, theo Climate Bonds Initiative, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n xanh, n\u0103m 2021 s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 450 t\u1ef7 USD (380 t\u1ef7 Euro) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2023, d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o l\u00e0 1 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 USD.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (103 t\u1ef7 USD), x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (76 t\u1ef7 USD) v\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng (66 t\u1ef7 USD) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu xanh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020. Ba l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn xanh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u1ed1ng B\u0110KH (Fit for 55), m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m 55% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a EU tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n Tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu xanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng c\u00e1c bon th\u1ea5p. V\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u1ea3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p h\u01a1n 125 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 USD cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch m\u1edf ra c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng doanh thu m\u1edbi, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (WWF 2018).<\/p>\n C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng doanh thu. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trong l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng bao g\u1ed3m g\u1ed7, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (Guarnaschelli, Limketkai v\u00e0 Vandeputte 2018). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra doanh thu th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng carbon \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua v\u00e0 b\u00e1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai do c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean tai.<\/p>\n T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n * TS. Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb V\u00e2n Anh – H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n ** Ba\u0300i \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean Ta\u0323p chi\u0301 Ta\u0300i chi\u0301nh s\u00f4\u0301 ky\u0300 2 tha\u0301ng 10\/2021.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Ngu\u1ed3n link: https:\/\/tapchitaichinh.vn\/tai-chinh-kinh-doanh\/vai-tro-cua-dau-tu-tu-nhan-trong-ung-pho-voi-bien-doi-khi-hau-344618.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":3262,"template":"","nguon_luc_cat":[444],"class_list":["post-4356","nguon_luc","type-nguon_luc","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","nguon_luc_cat-other"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/nap.wecan-group.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/nguon_luc\/4356"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/nap.wecan-group.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/nguon_luc"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/nap.wecan-group.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/nguon_luc"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nap.wecan-group.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3262"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/nap.wecan-group.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4356"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"nguon_luc_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nap.wecan-group.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/nguon_luc_cat?post=4356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n